We present a dataset covering the extent of local mask orders between April and August 2020, in states which did not have statewide orders (and hence 100% coverage). We obtained data from national and regional newspaper and broadcaster web-based articles, and city and county web pages. The information that we abstracted included city or county of ordinance, date that the ordinance took effect, and the population of the city or county. In 14 states, city or county governments issued mask-wearing orders, and from our dataset it can been seen that the median population covered in the states was 37.5%; the coverage ranged from 1.6% (New Hampshire) to 77.1% (Arizona). The dataset can be accessed from https//doi.org/10.7939/DVN/A9C1UU.Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused morbidity and mortality, as well as, widespread disruption to people's lives and livelihoods around the world. Given the health and economic threats posed by the pandemic to the global community, there are concerns that rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour may rise during and in its aftermath. Our living systematic review (LSR) focuses on suicide prevention in relation to COVID-19, with this iteration synthesising relevant evidence up to June 7 th 2020. Method Automated daily searches feed into a web-based database with screening and data extraction functionalities. Eligibility criteria include incidence/prevalence of suicidal behaviour, exposure-outcome relationships and effects of interventions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes of interest are suicide, self-harm or attempted suicide and suicidal thoughts. No restrictions are placed on language or study type, except for single-person case reports. Results Searches identified 2070 articles, 29 (28 stROSPERO registration CRD42020183326 01/05/2020.Background Heart failure is a major health problem and progress in this field relies on better understanding of the mechanisms and development of novel therapeutics using animal models. The rat may be preferable to the mouse as a cardiovascular disease model due to its closer physiology to humans and due to its large size that facilitates surgical and monitoring procedures. However, unlike the mouse, genetic manipulation of the rat genome is challenging. Methods Here we developed a simple, refined, and robust cardiac-specific rat transgenic model based on an adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 containing a cardiac troponin T promoter. This model uses a single intraperitoneal injection of AAV and does not require special expertise or equipment. Results We characterize the AAV dose required to achieve a high cardiac specific level of expression of a transgene in the rat heart using a single intraperitoneal injection to neonates. We show that at this AAV dose GFP expression does not result in hypertrophy, a change in cardiac function or other evidence for toxicity. Conclusions The model shown here allows easy and fast transgenic based disease modeling of cardiovascular disease in the rat heart, and can also potentially be expanded to deliver Cas9 and gRNAs or to deliver small hairpin (sh)RNAs to also achieve gene knockouts and knockdown in the rat heart.Background Force fields are used in a wide variety of contexts for classical molecular simulation, including studies on protein-ligand binding, membrane permeation, and thermophysical property prediction. The quality of these studies relies on the quality of the force fields used to represent the systems. Methods Focusing on small molecules of fewer than 50 heavy atoms, our aim in this work is to compare nine force fields GAFF, GAFF2, MMFF94, MMFF94S, OPLS3e, SMIRNOFF99Frosst, and the Open Force Field Parsley, versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2. On a dataset comprising 22,675 molecular structures of 3,271 molecules, we analyzed force field-optimized geometries and conformer energies compared to reference quantum mechanical (QM) data. Results We show that while OPLS3e performs best, the latest Open Force Field Parsley release is approaching a comparable level of accuracy in reproducing QM geometries and energetics for this set of molecules. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pki587.html Meanwhile, the performance of established force fields such as MMFF94S and GAFF2 is generally somewhat worse. We also find that the series of recent Open Force Field versions provide significant increases in accuracy. Conclusions This study provides an extensive test of the performance of different molecular mechanics force fields on a diverse molecule set, and highlights two (OPLS3e and OpenFF 1.2) that perform better than the others tested on the present comparison. Our molecule set and results are available for other researchers to use in testing.Testicular ectopia is an aberrant deviation of the migration of the testis from its usual path of descent into the scrotum. Of the forms of ectopic testis, the penopubic (also called pubopenile) type is one of the least common; in this case, presented as an obstructed hernia. We report a rare case of penopubic testicular ectopia with bilateral cryptorchidism in a 17-year-old boy who presented to the emergency room with right obstructed inguinal hernia. Intraoperative findings included bilateral cryptorchidism, hernia sac with right undescended testis and normal vermiform appendix, a left penopubic testis abutting the hernia sac. Both testes had separate epididymides and adequate length of vasa deferentia and were transposed into their respective hemiscrotum via an open inguinal approach. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Penopubic testicular ectopia can present as obstructed Amyand's hernia. Early open groin exploration with orchidopexy was satisfactory.Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from esophagogastric varices is a common scenario, especially in patients with portal hypertension induced by liver cirrhosis or other diseases with thrombosis of the splenic vein. However, accessory spleen as pathophysiological cause of a regional, left-sided portal hypertension and consecutive development of isolated gastric varices is rare. We report a case of recurrent gastric variceal bleeding resulting from sinistral portal hypertension associated with an accessory spleen in a patient who had traumatic splenectomy many decades before. The accessory spleen is an extremely rare cause for the development of regional, left-sided portal hypertension leading to isolated gastric varices. Minimally invasive splenectomy is a safe and efficient treatment option.